Shield boosters, originally designed for use in seating positions with only a lap belt, are no longer sold in the United States. The greater availability of harnessed restraints accommodating children of higher weights, add-on harness systems, and the requirement to have lap-and-shoulder belts in all rear seating positions, all provide better options with superior torso restraint than that of a shield booster (Stalnaker 1993, Whitman et al. 1997, Marriner et al. 1995, Shelness and Jewett 1983).

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